Forced Labor 1939 - 1945

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Shain A., Macedonian Rom, forced laborer in a mine

Shain A., 2005 in Skopje

Shain A. and his wife, ca. 1946 in Skopje

•  Born 1928 to a Roma family in the Macedonian city of Skopje, former Yugoslavia
• Grew up under poor conditions as an orphan with his grandmother
• Gives up locksmith training due to lack of money and works as a shoe polisher and newspaper vendor
• 1941: As a 13-year-old he is arrested and forced to work in the Mines of Raduša near Skopje; serious work accident
• After 1945: Marriage, five children
• Works first as a day laborer and then after 1949 until his retirement in the 1980s as a courier in the public sector
• Lives with his son’s family in a settlement near Skopje

Interview Data:

• Audio interview in Macedonian
• Interviewed on June 10th, 2005 by Orhan Demirovski and Teresa Taleska
• Interview duration:  3.5 hours
• Transcript, photos
• Subset: "Macedonia – IOM Geneva"